14 Summary of significant accounting policies

14.1. Company and business activity

Bellevue Group AG is a public limited company listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange and has its registered office at Seestrasse 16, 8700 Küsnacht/Switzerland. The company acts as a pure asset manager with a multi-boutique approach and specializes in investment themes that require an active investment style.

14.2 Accounting principles

The consolidated financial statements of Bellevue Group AG have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and comply with the listing regulations of the Swiss Stock Exchange.

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. The application of the underlying principles is unchanged from the previous year, with the exception of the accounting standards newly applied in item 14.3.

14.3 New accounting standards used

The following new or revised standards and interpretations did not have any material impact on Bellevue Group when they were applied for the first time as of January 1, 2023:

14.4 International Financial Reporting Standards and interpretations which will be introduced in 2024 or later

Based on early stage analysis, the following new standards and/or standards’ updates will not have a significant effect on Bellevue Group’s financial statements:

14.5 Important accounting principles

14.5.1 Consolidation principles

Fully consolidated companies

The annual consolidated financial statements comprise the annual accounts of Bellevue Group AG and its subsidiaries. All companies that are directly or indirectly controlled by Bellevue Group AG are consolidated. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group, and deconsolidated from the date when control ceases.

Method of consolidation

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. Under this method, the book value of the participation held by the parent company is offset against its share of the shareholders’ equity of the subsidiary at the time of the acquisition. The effects of intercompany transactions are eliminated during the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Business combinations

In a business combination, the acquirer obtains control of the net assets of one or more businesses. The business combination is accounted for using the acquisition method. This requires the recognition of the identifiable assets acquired, including previously unrecognized intangible assets, and liabilities assumed of the acquired business at their fair values at the acquisition date. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired is recognized as goodwill. Consideration transferred is assets or equity instruments issued that are measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Transaction costs are immediately charged to the income statement.

Contingent consideration, which is accounted for as part of the consideration transferred for the acquiree, is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recognized in the income statement in accordance with IFRS 9.

14.5.2 General principles

Foreign currency translation

The items included in the financial accounts of each of the Group’s company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment, in which the company operates (functional currency). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Swiss Francs, which is also the functional and presentation currency of Bellevue Group AG.

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at foreign group member companies are converted into Swiss francs using the applicable exchange rates for the balance sheet date. For the income and cash flow statements, year-average exchange rates are used. The differences resulting from consolidation are booked directly in other comprehensive income.

In the individual year-end accounts of group member companies transactions are booked in foreign currency at the respective daily exchange rates. Monetary assets are translated at the respective daily exchange rate and any gains or losses are recognized in the income statement. Monetary items carried on the balance sheet at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the historical exchange rate.

The following exchange rates apply to the translation of significant currencies:

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and current accounts as well as call money at banks with a maturity of less than three months. These are measured at nominal value, which corresponds to fair value due to the short-term maturities.

Accrual of income

The Group’s revenue consists mainly of asset management fees. A distinction is made between the following fees: Management fees result from the management of collective capital contributions and institutional asset management mandates. Performance fees are only recognized when all performance criteria have been met. Interest is accrued on an accrual basis.

14.5.3 Financial instruments

Initial recognition

Purchases and disposals of financial assets are recognized in the balance sheet on the trade date. At the time of initial recognition, financial assets or financial liabilities are classified in the respective category according to criteria set forth in IFRS 9 and measured at the fair value of the consideration given or received, including directly attributable transaction costs. In the case of trading portfolio assets and other financial instruments carried at fair value, transaction costs are immediately recognized in the income statement, except of value changes of financial instruments, which are recorded in the comprehensive income.

Determination of fair value

At initial recognition, the fair value of financial instruments is ascertained from quoted market prices provided that the financial instrument is traded on an active market (level 1). Whenever possible, the fair value of other financial instruments is determined using generally recognized valuation models (level 2). These models are based on input parameters other than level 1 that can be observed on the market. For a residue of financial instruments, there are no available market listings or valuation models or methods based on market prices. For such instruments, in-house valuation methods or models are used (level 3). In such cases, the fairness of the valuation is assured by clearly defined methods and processes and by independent checks.

Financial investments at amortized costs

Investments whereby the objective is to hold financial assets to collect contractual cash flows and for which the contractually agreed cash flows comprise only interest and the repayment of parts of the nominal value are entered on the balance sheet as amortized costs using the effective interest method. Any expected credit losses are deducted from the book value of the item.

Financial assets and liabilities from financial assets

Financial instruments that do not meet the criteria for recognition at amortized cost are recognized at fair value. The resulting income is reported under the item «Income from financial investments». Liabilities from financial assets are reported under the item «Other financial liabilities».

Investments at fair value with fair value changes recognized in other comprehensive income

Investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading purposes are carried fair value in the balance sheet. Changes in value are recognized in the income statement except in cases where Bellevue Group has irrevocably decided to recognized them at fair value through other comprehensive income.

Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are recognized in the balance sheet under «Financial assets» or «Other financial liabilities». No offsetting takes place on the basis of master netting agreements. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in «Income from financial investments».

14.5.4 Other principles

Treasury shares 

Bellevue Group AG shares held by Bellevue Group are designated as treasury shares and are deducted from shareholders’ equity at weighted average cost. Changes in fair value are not recognized. The difference between the sales proceeds of treasury shares and the corresponding acquisition cost is recorded in retained earnings.

Share-based payments

Bellevue Group maintains various share-based payment plans in the form of share plans for selected employees. When such payments are made to these employees, the fair value of these payments at grant date serves as the basis for calculating the personnel expenses. Share-based payments that are not subject to any further conditions are expensed immediately at grant date. Share-based payments that are subject to the completion of a service period or to other vesting conditions are expensed over the respective vesting period starting at grant date. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of share awards for which the related services and non-market performance vesting conditions are expected to be met.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment include leasehold improvements, information technology and telecommunications equipment, capitalized right of use from leases and other fixed assets. The acquisition or production costs of property and equipment are capitalized when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably.

Bellevue Group mainly acts as a lessee in the context of the leasing of business premises. At the lease commencement date, a lease liability corresponding to the present value of lease payments over the lease term is recognized. The lease term basically corresponds to the non-cancellable period during which Bellevue Group has the right to use the business premises but it also takes account of the period covered by an option to extend the lease if Bellevue Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and the period covered by an option to terminate the lease if Bellevue Group is reasonably certain not to exercise that option.

At the same time as the lease liability is recognized, a right to use the underlying asset, which corresponds to the lease liability plus prepaid lease payments, directly attributable costs and any reinstatement obligations, is capitalized. After initial recognition, the interest component on the lease liability is accrued in the period in which it is incurred using the effective interest method and is recognized in «Net other income». The lease liability is adjusted to reflect interest recognized and lease payments made. The right-of-use asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The depreciation charge and any impairment charge are recognized in the income statement in «Depreciation and amortization».

If there is any change to the lease term or if lease payments are adjusted to an index, the lease liability is remeasured. In the first case, the current incremental borrowing rate is used to calculate the present value; in the second case, the original incremental borrowing rate is used. The amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability is recognized as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets are recognized in the balance sheet item «Property and equipment». The carrying amount of the right-of-use assets and changes in that value are shown in note 3.5. Lease liabilities related to leased office space are recognized in the balance sheet item «Lease liabilities». Bellevue Group applies the accounting exceptions for short-term leases and leased assets of low value. Neither a lease liability nor a right-of-use asset is recognized for these leases.

Property and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life as follows:

Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. If the carrying amount exceeds the realizable amount, an impairment loss is charged. Any reversals of impairments at a later date will be recognized in the income statement.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill arises from the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the future economic benefits from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and are recognized separately. For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each of the CGUs (cash-generating unit) or group’s of CGUs, that is expected to benefit for synergies from combination. Each unit or group of units to which goodwill is allocated represents the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. Goodwill is monitored at the level of the CGU respectively group of CGUs, taking into account the internal reporting and management structure. Goodwill is capitalized and tested for impairment at least on an annual basis, or if events or changed circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The test is carried out more frequently to determine whether the book value exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the value in use. If the book value exceeds the recoverable amount an impairment loss is recorded.

Other intangible assets include client relationships and brands acquired during business combination as well as softwares. Such intangible assets are capitalized if their fair value can be reliably determined. They are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful life of not more than 5 years (software), 10 to 15 years (client relationships) or 5 years (brands). Other intangible assets are reviewed for impairment if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount exceeds the realizable amount, an impairment loss is charged. Any reversals of impairments at later date will be recognized in the income statement. At present, there are no other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life capitalized in Bellevue Group’s balance sheet.

Income taxes

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the applicable tax laws enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company and its subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income and recognized as expense in the period in which the related profits are made. Receivables or liabilities related to current income taxes are reported in the balance sheet in the items «Current tax assets» or «Current tax liabilities». Tax effects arising from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and their corresponding tax values are recognized as «Deferred tax assets» and «Deferred tax liabilities» respectively. Deferred tax assets arising from temporary differences and from tax loss carry forwards can be offset. Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are calculated at the tax rates expected to apply in the period in which the tax assets will be realized, or the tax liabilities settled. Tax receivables and tax liabilities are offset when they refer to the same taxable entity, fall under the same jurisdiction, and the enforceable rights to offset exists.

Current and deferred taxes are credited or charged directly to shareholders’ equity if the taxes are related to items that are credited or charged under other comprehensive income in the same or a different period.

Provisions

A provision is recognized if Bellevue Group has, as a result of a past event, a current liability at the balance sheet date that will probably lead to an outflow of funds and whose amount can be reliably estimated. If an outflow of funds is unlikely to occur, or the amount of the liability cannot be reliably estimated, a contingent liability is shown. If there is, as a result of a past event, a possible liability as at the balance sheet date whose existence depends on future developments that are not fully under Bellevue Group’s control, a contingent liability is likewise shown. The recognition and reversal of pro-visions are recognized under «Valuation adjustments and provisions» except for changes in actuarial pension provisions, which are recognized under «Other comprehensive income», with the exception of changes in actuarial provisions which are recorded in the income statement.

Pension funds

Bellevue Group maintains in Switzerland a defined-contribution pension plan. The pension fund is set up in accordance with Swiss defined-contribution regulations, but does not meet all of the criteria of a defined-contribution plan as defined by IAS 19. Therefore, this plan is treated as a defined-benefit plan.

Pension obligations are met exclusively with pension fund assets held by a pension foundation legally separated from and independent of Bellevue Group. It is managed by a Board of Trustees, consisting in equal parts of representatives of management and employees. The organization, operational management and financing of the pension fund are conducted in accordance with legal regulations, the foundation’s charter and applicable pension fund regulations. Employees and pensioners, or their survivors, receive legally determined benefits upon leaving the Company, during retirement, at death, and in the event of invalidity. These benefits are financed by employee’s and employer’s contributions.

For defined-benefit plans, pension costs are determined on the basis of different economic and demographic assumptions using the projected unit credit method. This method uses the number of service years until the key date. The assumptions to be evaluated by the Group include expectations of future salary development, long-term interest on retirement assets, retirement trends and life expectancy. The valuations are carried out by independent actuaries every year. The pension assets are valued annually at fair value.

Pension cost is composed of three components:

• Service cost, which is recorded as personnel expenses in the income statement;
• Net interest expenses, which are recorded in the position «Other financial income» in the income statement; and
• Revaluation components, which are recognized in the statement of comprehensive income.

Service cost encompasses the current service cost, past service cost, and gains and losses from non-routine plan settlements. Gains and losses from plan curtailments are treated the same way as past service cost. Employee contributions and third-party contributions reduce the service cost and are deducted from it, provided they are required by the benefit regulations or are the result of a factual obligation.

Net interest expenses are the result of the assumed interest rate multiplied by the pension obligations or the pension assets. Capital flows and changes of less than a year are included on a weighted basis.

Revaluation components include actuarial gains and losses from changes in the net present value of the pension obligations and the pension assets. Actuarial gains and losses are calculated on the basis of changes in assumptions and experience adjustments. Gains and losses on assets are the result of income on assets less the amounts contained in net interest expenses. The revaluation component also includes changes in unrecognized assets less effects included in net interest expenses. Revaluation components are recorded in the statement of comprehensive income and cannot be recycled. Amounts recorded in the statement of comprehensive income can be reallocated within equity.

Pension obligations or assets recorded in the consolidated financial statements correspond to the funding surplus or shortfall of the defined-benefit plans. However, pension assets are restricted to the net present value of the Group’s economic benefit from future curtailments or repayments. Pension obligations in Swiss benefit plans are currently valued on the basis of employers and employees sharing the risk.